Hacking Firefox

Using This Book and What You Will Find Here

To use this book, all you need to do is have a basic understanding of how Firefox works, how to install it, and how to find files on your computer. As you read, you will begin to unravel the marvels of coding for Firefox using the basics of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript and then later diving into XML User Interface Language (XUL) and the Cross Platform Component Object Model (XPCOM). The final goal is being able to create extensions that will allow you to customize Firefox to your heart’s content.

This book starts by giving you a brief overview of how to hack manually, how to hack with extensions, and then a quick glance at what you will need to do to back up critical files so that you can practice safe hacking.

Then it breaks down each of the individual components of Firefox from interface to rendering to privacy and walks you through hacking and modifying key files to apply tons of possible interface and functionality changes. It also includes a great list of proven extensions with which you can modify core features of Firefox, as well as the look and feel of the interface.

In addition, this book covers the grassroots efforts that Mozilla and Firefox have become known for among developers—the ability to use the highly extendable Mozilla programming language and interface to modify any aspect of the browser by creating extensions, and also how you can change the appearance of the browser by creating themes.


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Video Blogging

I divided this book into parts, which I organized by topic. The parts point out the most important aspects of videoblogging. If you’re looking for information on a specific videoblogging topic, check the index or skim the headings in the table of contents and flip to the indicated page.

By design, this book enables you to get as much (or as little) information as you need at any particular moment. Need to know something fast to set up an RSS feed? Read the section of Chapter 13 that applies. Videoblogging For Dummies is intended as a reference that you can reach for again and again whenever some new question about videoblogging comes up.

Part I: Zen and the Art of Videoblogs

This part gives an overview of videoblogging. It’s part introduction, and part quick-and-dirty get-you-started fun. Here’s where you find information on watching videoblogs, getting your computer set up for videoblogging, and creating your first, basic videoblog post.

Part II: Step Away from the Camera

Okay, this part doesn’t really get away from the camera, but it does focus on the parts of videoblogging where you don’t necessarily want the camera present. For example, getting feedback on your videoblog, branding a look and feel, overcoming stage fright, and planning a videoblog entry — as well as scripting it — are all in this part.

Part III: Lights, Camera, Vlog!

This part talks about more advanced filmmaking techniques, including composition, lighting, sound, and file formats and compression. If you’re an experienced videographer, you’ll find the file formats section interesting, but if you’re new to storytelling through a lens, then you’ll want to read Chapter 9 on composing shots and using the camerawork to tell your story.

Part IV: Going Public

In this part, you get the preflight briefing about putting your videoblog on the Internet, publicizing it, managing the permissions, and keeping an eye on your traffic and bandwidth expenses.

Part V: The Part of Tens

I’ve remained true to For Dummies style by including a Part of Tens. The chapters in this part can help you quickly find ten or so vlogs to watch, personal vlogging ideas, and business videoblogging ideas. The Part of Tens is a resource you can turn to again and again.


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Hacking Gmail

Welcome to Hacking Gmail. Thanks for buying this book. If you haven’t bought it, you should. It’s very good, and once you buy it you can stop loitering around the bookstore stacks. Go on: Buy it, sit down, have a coffee. See? Comfier isn’t it? Ah. Hacking Gmail. It’s a manly hobby, and this book will tell you how. Sorry? What’s Gmail, you ask? Well, let me tell you . ..

What’s Gmail?

March 31, 2004. A watershed in human history. Google’s web-based e-mail ser¬vice, still now at the time of this writing in Beta, and available only to people invited by other existing users, was launched. Offering a gigabyte of storage, an incredibly advanced JavaScript interface, and a series of user interface innovations, Gmail was an instant hit among those who could get access to the system. Today, more than a year later, Gmail is proving to be one of the flagship applications on the web—a truly rich application within the browser, combined with the server-based power of the world’s leading search engine.

Hacking Gmail?

Of course, all that power just begs to be abused. Power corrupts, as they say, and hackers are nothing but a corrupt bunch: Almost as soon as Gmail was launched, hackers were looking at ways to use those capabilities for other purposes. They investigated the incredibly rich interface, and saw how much of the process¬ing is done on the user’s own machine; they burrowed into the communication between the browser and the server; and they developed a series of interfaces for scripting languages to allow you to control Gmail from your own programs.

This book shows what they did, how to do it yourself, and what to do after you’ve mastered the techniques. Meanwhile, you’ll also learn all about Ajax, the terribly fashionable JavaScript technique that Gmail brought into the mainstream. Two topics for the price of one!

What’s in This Book?

There are three parts to this book, each lovingly crafted to bring you, young Jedi, to the peak of Gmailing excellence. They are:
Part I: Starting to Use Gmail

Where you learn to use Gmail like a professional. A professional Gmail user, no less. A really skilled professional Gmail user. With a degree in Gmail. A Gmail ninja. A Gmail ninja with a black belt in Gmail from the secret Gmail training school on Mount Gmail. You might actually be part Gmail. Perhaps you’ve named your first born child after Gmail. You live in the Google Headquarters. You are Larry Page. You get the idea.

Part II: Getting Inside Gmail

Where you find out how Gmail works, and how you can use modern scripting languages to control it.

Part III: Conquering Gmail

Where you put these new skills to the test, wrangling Gmail into fiendishly clever uses, totally unlike those Google intended.

Whom Is This Book For?

You. Of course it is. If you picked up a book called Hacking Gmail, you’re very likely to want it. If you’re a programmer looking to use Gmail in wacky ways, this book is for you. If you’re a power user looking to hack together scripts to do dan¬gerously efficient things with your mail, this book is for you. If you’re the parent, best friend, or lover of someone who answers to that description, this book is for them, and you should buy two copies. Really. It’s great. And the shiny cover looks cool, no? I tell you, metallic covers are all the thing.

Hacking Carefully

It must be said here in plain English, and elsewhere by a battalion of scary lawyer folk, that I take no responsibility whatsoever for anything anyone does after reading this book. If you lose data; get folded, spindled, or mutilated; or have your Gmail account suspended, it is not my fault. The fine folks at Google, it has to be said, have played no part in the writing of this book, and most likely do not approve of the contents within. They may have me killed. Either way, I take no responsibility for anything. You’re on your own, kiddo. As am I.
Read Comments For More


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Hacking GPS

Chapter 1: GPS Secrets.

Hidden Secrets
Garmin Secret Screens
Hard Resets
Soft Resets
Warm Resets
Full GPS Resets
Diagnostic Screens
Autolocating
Magellan Secret Screens
Magellan Meridian Series
After a Hard or Soft Reset
Chapter 2: Building GPS Data Cables and Power Cords
Cables Demystified
The Data Cable
Power Cords
Combo Cables
Combining Cable Types
Multi-GPS Cables
Multi-Data Cables
Multi-Data/Power Cables
Multi-Data/Power/GPS Cables
Making Your Own Data Cables
Materials You Will Need
Don’t Want to Buy a Connector?
Making Power Cords
Power Cord Assembly
Testing

Precautions 3
2GPS/iPAQ_Connections
Cradle Modification
Testing the Connection
Making Multi Cables.
Summary.

Chapter 3: Power Hacks
GPS Power Needs.
Lithium Batteries
Rechargeable (NiMH) Batteries
Battery Do’s and Don’ts
Power Hacks
Carrying Your Own 12-Volt Power Supply
Battery Packs
A Different Kind of Battery Pack
Alternative Power Supplies
Summary.
Chapter 4: Antenna Hacks
The GPS Antenna
Quad-Helix Orientation
Patch Antenna Orientation.
Best Performance Summary
External Antennas
Antenna Placement
Other Things to Avoid
Reradiating Antennas
Personal Reradiating Antenna
Communal Reradiating Antenna
Reradiating Antenna Considerations
Setting Up a Reradiating Antenna in a Car
Testing the System
Making the System Permanent
Carrying a GPS Signal via Cable
How Much Signal Do You Need?
Cable Losses
Connector Losses
Using a Signal Repeater.
Building Your Own Mega GPS Antenna
Materials
Building the Antenna
Summary.

Chapter 5: Protecting Your GPS
Screen Damage
Screen Protectors
More Screen Armoring
Commercial Protection for GPS and PDAs
Mounting GPS
Car Mounting
Making a Personalized Case
Summary

Chapter 6: Hacking the Firmware.
Firmware
Updating Warnings.
Updating the Firmware.
Hacking GPS Firmware
Bypassing the Garmin eTrex Vista Startup Screen.
Bypassing the Garmin eTrex Legend Startup Screen
Bypassing the Garmin eTrex Venture Startup Screen.
MeMap Personalization.
Manual Firmware Editing.
Magellan GPS Firmware Modifications..
Recovering from a Failed Firmware Load.
Garmin.
Magellan
Summary

Chapter 7: Making Connections
The PC — GPS Relationship
Connection Types
Which Connection Is Best?
Troubleshooting Problems.
PC Connection Trouble
General PDA Connection Trouble.
Software-Specific Issues
Erratic Mouse Pointer after Connecting a GPS
Windows XP Problem: Microsoft Ball Point.
Microsoft MapPoint Troubleshooting.
USB-to-Serial Converters.
Summary
Chapter 8: GPS Data.
GPS Data Collection
Position, Velocity, Time.
Waypoints.
Working with the Data.
EasyGPS.
G7toWin
Creative Uses of GPS Data
Sharing Waypoints.
Adding GPS Information to Digital Photos.
Lightning Detector and Plotter.
Wardriving.
GPS in Programming.
Summary..
Chapter 9: Examining the Data.
NMEA.
NMEA Sentences.
NMEA Sentence Structure
A Closer Look at NMEA Sentences.
Examining NMEA Sentences.
NMEA Checksum.
SiRF..
Using NMEA Sentences.
GPS NMEA LOG.
GPS Diagnostic
RECSIM III
Using NMEA.
GpsGate
Recording Actual NMEA Sentences with GpsGate
Recording Simulated NMEA Using GpsGate
Data Playback..
Why Bother with NMEA?
Ensuring That Your GPS Works
Avoiding Data Corruption
Summary.
Chapter 10: More Data Tricks.
Screenshots



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Hacking Google Maps

Do you know where you are?
Do you know where you are going?
Could you find the nearest restaurant to your current location?
When you looked at your latest holiday photos, could you remember where you were?
It is just these sorts of questions that drove me to write this book. I’m interested in the answers to all of these questions, and particularly in ways in which I can represent information about my world, and the world we live in, in a way that relates that data to its location.

During the course of writing this book I visited New York (U.S.), Edinburgh (Scotland), and Sorrento (Italy), in addition to many different places within a few miles of my home. In each case, Google Maps and Google Earth could be used to record information about where I had been, to look up information about where I was going, or simply to help me understand the area I was visiting. All of these situations, and more, are documented and described within this book.

Who This Book Is For

This book is aimed at both amateur and professional programmers who want to make use of either Google Maps or Google Earth in their own applications. To get the best out of this book, you should have some basic programming experience and ideally be familiar with HTML and JavaScript. It would also be beneficial to have experience with scripting languages (particularly Perl) and SQL databases, such as MySQL.

Managers and other interested parties might also find sections of the book useful, because it can help them understand how the applications work and also provide background knowledge on what Google Maps and Google Earth are capable of.

How This Book Is Organized

The book is divided into four basic parts:
Part I covers the basics of the Google Maps interface, the fundamentals of the Google Maps API, and how to organize and translate existing information into a format that can successfully be used within Google Maps and Google Earth applications. The section should get you up to speed on the core techniques and abilities you need to work with the rest of the book.Part II shows you what the Google Maps system is capable of doing. In this section you’ll find information on some excellent sample applications and how to create your own Google Maps applications by extending the functionality of the core Google examples.

Part III is crammed full of examples of Google Maps applications, starting with basic markers and overlays, moving through dynamically driven examples and on to methods of highlighting key points and elements for archaeologists and Realtors. The section finishes up with an exam¬ple of a route description application. All of the examples demonstrated can be viewed online.

Part IV covers the Google Earth application. Google Earth is a standalone application, rather than a web site solution like Google Maps, and offers a completely new set of methods for describing information.

What You Need to Use This Book

For the Google Maps examples in this book, you need access to a publicly available web site where you can add and update pages, because the Google Maps API must be able to verify your pages during use. Hosting these pages on your own machine is unlikely to work. Full details of requirements, including those for accessing the Google Maps API are provided in Chapter 3.

Google Maps applications are written using JavaScript and HTML, so you should be familiar with these to be able to understand and adapt the examples. Many of the examples use a Perl script for providing data, and although these operations could also be written in PHP or Python, examples of these are not provided. Finally, some examples use a MySQL database to store information. A similar database solution, such as MySQL, Derby, PostgreSQL, or others will be required to duplicate some of the samples. All of the examples should work within the major platforms (Windows, Linux/Unix, and Mac OS X).

All of the examples in this book make use of the version 1 sequence of the Google Maps API. The API is under constant development and new versions might be released after the publica¬tion of this book that supersede the version used in the examples. The availability of the new version will not affect the operation of the examples, which are designed to work with the v1 sequence.
The Google Earth application is available for computers running Windows and Mac OS X. However, new versions and editions for existing and new platforms could be released at any time.

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HTML in 10 Simple Steps

Introduction - From The Authors


Welcome to HTML in 10 Simple Steps or Less. Our mission in writing this book is to provide a quick and accessible way for you to learn Hypertext Markup Language — the lingua franca of the World Wide Web. We hope this book provides a resource that beginning and intermediate HTML coders can use to improve their Web development skills. It is also our hope that it fills multiple roles as both a teach-ing tool and a reference once you expand your skills.

What This Book Is

Each part in this book pertains to a different aspect of HTML and Web production, and we devote each task within the parts to building a specific piece of Web page content. We’ve laid out these tasks in 10 steps or less so they’re easy to internalize and become part of your personal skill set.

Who We Are and What We Know

Robert Fuller has an extensive background in Web development and design. He served as senior devel-oper for Travelocity’s Site59.com and takes his experience into the classroom — both live and online — every day. He believes that in order for new Web developers truly to flourish, they must gain a solid understanding of the Web’s underlying language, HTML.

He has authored, coauthored, and contributed to several books about HTML, Web design, graphic soft-ware applications, and general computing. His online courses are currently available in college curricula throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia.

Laurie Ulrich has used, written about, and helped others use computers since the early 1980s. She ran two large training centers for computer resellers in Philadelphia and New York, and she served as an IT manager specializing in the proprietary software needs of midsize distributors. In 1992 she founded Limehat & Company, Inc., a firm providing Web hosting, design, and Webmaster services to growing businesses and nonprofit organizations. She has taught more than 10,000 students to make more effective and creative use of their computers and software.
Laurie has also authored, coauthored, and contributed to more than 25 nationally published books on desktop applications, graphics and illustration, and Web design.

How to Use This Book

We think of this book as a multipurpose tool — perhaps the Swiss Army knife of HTML coding. Not only can you employ it as a guide to creating individual pieces of Web page content, but you can also use this book as a valuable teaching tool. By working through the book’s tasks in sequence, you will learn the basics of Web page development — from constructing tags (the core components of Hypertext Markup Language) to publishing complete sites to a Web server.


In addition to the material found in this book, the publisher maintains a companion Web site where you’ll find information that doesn’t lend itself to a task-oriented approach. We point you to the Web site (www.wiley.com/compbooks/10simplestepsorless) at various points throughout the book to give you detailed information about particular concepts, help you learn about other Web-based resources, and provide samples of some of the content you create.
What You Need to Get Started

As long as you have a computer, the list of requirements is quite short. To create Web page content you need only two things: a program for writing code (a text editor) and another program for viewing the fin-ished product (a Web browser).

Text Editors
In nearly every case, a computer’s operating system (OS) comes with a text editor. For example, Microsoft Windows provides its users with the program called Notepad. It is a very simple, bare-bones application that allows you to write simple text files — which is all that an HTML document is. Mac OS 9 (and earlier versions) contains a native text editor, called SimpleText. Apple refers to it as “the utility-knife of software.” This simple application is designed for simple tasks. Mac OS X provides a new pro-gram, called TextEdit, that replaces SimpleText. Both of these applications are more than sufficient for writing HTML documents. Having written a vast quantity of HTML over the years, however, we’re sure you’ll ultimately want to work with a text editor that offers more functionality than these limited-range word processors do. Like anything else, you want the right tool for the job.

More robust programs offer advantages that make learning HTML easy. Just as a full-featured word processor makes it easy to write letters, term papers, and books — compared with using Notepad or SimpleText — an HTML code editor makes it easy to generate code properly and build robust Web pages. For example, most HTML editors feature syntax-checking and code-coloring. Because they understand the code you write, these programs assign colors to different functional parts of the code so that you can easily spot errors (mostly caused by typos) and fix them.

Each major operating system — Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX/Linux — offers a number of HTML editors that cost anywhere from nothing to over $100. (But as we said earlier, you get what you pay for.) We review here some of the more popular editors available on each platform. Later on in the book, we discuss these products and others in greater detail.

TextPad from Helios Software Solutions (Windows)

TextPad is shareware, which means you can download it for free and generally use it indefinitely. However, if you intend to use the program for an extended period, and derive much productive use from it, you should register and pay for the program — if at least to get technical support and notifications of upgrades or improvements (bug fixes). TextPad currently runs about US $26.
The creators of TextPad feel there shouldn’t be a steep learning curve when picking up a new application. Your familiarity with other Windows programs should be sufficient experience. TextPad therefore pro-vides the kinds of tools you expect from other applications, including keyboard shortcuts, spell-checking (in 10 languages), the ability to open and edit multiple files simultaneously, drag and drop, undo and redo, and the ability to create macros. TextPad also provides many code-specific tools, such as syntax-checking, code-coloring, and libraries for storing reusable code snippets.



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HTML XHTML CSS Bible 3rd Ed

The World Wide Web has come a long way from its humble beginnings. Most Internet historians recognize Gopher as the precursor to the Web. Gopher was a revolutionary search tool that allowed the user to search hierarchical archives of textual documents. It enabled Internet users to easily search, retrieve, and share information.

Today’s World Wide Web is capable of delivering information via any number of medium—text, audio, video. The content can be dynamic and even interactive.

However, the Web is not a panacea. The standards that make up the HTTP protocol are implemented in different ways by different browsers. What works on one platform may not work the same, if at all, on the next. Newly Web-enabled devices— PDAs, cell phones, appliances, and so on—are still searching for a suitable form of HTML to standardize on.

This turmoil makes a book like this difficult to write. Although standards exist, they have been implemented in different ways and somewhat haphazardly. In addition, there are more technologies at work on the Web than can be easily counted. One book cannot hope to cover them all.

This book attempts to cover a broad subset of available technologies and techniques, centering on the HTML 4.01 standard, along with a mix of newer, upcoming standards such as XML and XHTML.
Who Should Read This Book?

This book is geared toward a wide audience. Those readers who are just getting started with HTML and Web content will benefit the most as this book provides a decent learning foundation as well as ample reference material for later perusal. Experienced users will find the chapters covering new standards and technologies to be the most useful, and will also appreciate having a comprehensive reference for consultation.

Although the Web is technical in nature, we have done our best to boil down the technology into simple and straightforward terms. Whether you are a computer scientist or a computer neophyte, you should be able to understand, adopt, and deploy the technologies discussed herein.
Book Organization, Conventions, and Features

The Wiley “Bible” series of books uses several different methods to present information to help you get the most out of it. The book is organized according to the following conventions.
Organization

This book is organized into logical parts. Each part contains related chapters that cover complementary subjects.

Part I, Understanding (X)HTML, is your introduction to the HTML protocol.

Part II, HTML and XHTML Authoring Fundamentals, continues coverage on the basics of the HTML protocol and familiarizes you with the basic HTML elements.

Part III, Controlling Presentation with CSS, covers Cascading Style Sheets—covering how CSS works and introducing its various elements.

Part IV, Advanced Web Authoring, delves into more advanced topics such as scripting, Dynamic HTML, and XML.

Part V, Testing, Publishing, and Maintaining Your Site, covers more details about the tools and methodology for creating and publishing your content to the Web.

Part VI, Principles of Professional Web Design and Development, covers more philosophical topics about developing structured, accessible content and how to protect your content online.

Part VII, Appendixes, provides reference material on HTML tags, CSS conventions, and language codes.

Conventions and features

There are many different organizational and typographical features throughout this book designed to help you get the most from the information.

Tips, Notes, and Cautions

Whenever the authors want to bring something important to your attention, the information will appear in a Tip, Note, or Caution. These elements are formatted like this:

Caution This information is important and is set off in a separate paragraph with a special icon. Cautions provide information about things to watch out for, whether these things are simply inconvenient or potentially hazardous to your data or systems.Tips generally are used to provide information that can make your work easier— special shortcuts or methods for doing something easier than the norm.

Notes provide additional, ancillary information that is helpful, but somewhat outside the current discussion.

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O'Reilly - HTML & XHTML The Definitive Guide

Learning Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is like learning any new language, computer or human. Most students first immerse themselves in examples. Studying others is a natural way to learn, making learning easy and fun. Our advice to anyone wanting to learn HTML and XHTML is to get out there on the Web with a suitable browser and see for yourself what looks good, what's effective, and what works for you. Examine others' documents and ponder the possibilities. Mimicry is how many of the current webmasters have learned the language.

Imitation can take you only so far, though. Examples can be both good and bad. Learning by example helps you talk the talk, but not walk the walk. To become truly conversant, you must learn how to use the language appropriately in many different situations. You could learn all that by example, if you live long enough.

Remember, too, that computer-based languages are more explicit than human languages. You have to get the language syntax correct or it won't work. Then there is the problem of "standards." Committees of academics and industry experts define the proper syntax and usage of a computer language like HTML. The problem is that browser manufacturers like Netscape Communications Corporation (an America Online company) and Microsoft Corporation choose which parts of the standard they will use and which parts they will ignore. They even make up their own parts, which may eventually become standards.

Standards change, too. HTML is undergoing a conversion into XHTML, making it an application of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). HTML and XHTML are so similar that we often refer to them as a single language, but there are key differences, which we discuss later in this Preface.

To be safe, the way to become fluent in HTML and XHTML is through a comprehensive, up-to-date language reference that covers the language syntax, semantics, and variations in detail to help you distinguish between good and bad usage.

There's one more step leading to fluency in a language. To become a true master of the language, you need to develop your own style. That means knowing not only what is appropriate, but what is effective. Layout matters. A lot. So does the order of presentation within a document, between documents, and between document collections.

Our goal in writing this book is to help you become fluent in HTML and XHTML, fully versed in their syntax, semantics, and elements of style. We take the natural learning approach, using examples (good ones, of course). We cover in detail every element of the currently accepted standard versions of the languages (HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0) as well as all of the current extensions supported by the popular browsers, explaining how each element works and how it interacts with all of the other elements.

And, with all due respect to Strunk and White, throughout the book we give you suggestions for style and composition to help you decide how best to use HTML and XHTML to accomplish a variety of tasks, from simple online documentation to complex marketing and sales presentations. We show you what works and what doesn't, what makes sense to those who view your pages, and what might be confusing.

In short, this book is a complete guide to creating documents using HTML and XHTML, starting with basic syntax and semantics, and finishing with broad style guidelines to help you create beautiful, informative, accessible documents that you'll be proud to deliver to your readers.

Our Audience

We wrote this book for anyone interested in learning and using the language of the Web, from the most casual user to the full-time design professional. We don't expect you to have any experience in HTML or XHTML before picking up this book. In fact, we don't even expect that you've ever browsed the Web, although we'd be very surprised if you haven't. Being connected to the Internet is not strictly necessary to use this book, but if you're not connected, this book becomes like a travel guide for the homebound.

The only things we ask you to have are a computer, a text editor that can create simple ASCII text files, and copies of the latest leading web browsers -- preferably Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. Because HTML and XHTML documents are stored in a universally accepted format -- ASCII text -- and because the languages are completely independent of any specific computer, we won't even make an assumption about the kind of computer you're using. However, browsers do vary by platform and operating system, which means that your HTML or XHTML documents can look quite different depending on the computer and browser version. We explain how the various browsers use certain language features, paying particular attention to how they are different.

If you are new to HTML, the Web, or hypertext documentation in general, you should start by reading Chapter 1. In it, we describe how all these technologies come together to create webs of interrelated documents.

If you are already familiar with the Web, but not with HTML or XHTML specifically, start by reading Chapter 2. This chapter is a brief overview of the most important features of the language and serves as a roadmap to how we approach the language in the remainder of the book.

Subsequent chapters deal with specific language features in a roughly top-down approach to HTML and XHTML. Read them in order for a complete tour through the language, or jump around to find the exact feature you're interested in.


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Photoshop CS2 2005

If you’re familiar with the For Dummies series, you surely have noticed already that there’s something, well, different about this book. It looks like a For Dummies book, but it doesn’t. The cover’s color scheme and the cartoons are there, but there’s a lot more color. And the layout is, well, not as boxy as the For Dummies books you’ve seen in the past. Welcome to the new age of For Dummies!

It’s been quite a collaborative effort over these weeks and months, brain¬storming, discussing, negotiating, finding middle ground — all to present you with the best possible format for Photoshop CS2 For Dummies. This is a com¬pletely new book, from the ground up. New author, new text, new images, new layout, new format. New Photoshop, too.

One thing hasn’t changed, though: This book was produced with an eye toward you and your needs. From Day One, the goal has been to put into your hands the book that makes Photoshop understandable and useable. You won’t find a technical explanation of every option for every tool in everysituation, but rather a concise explanation of those parts of Photoshop you’re most likely to need. If you happen to be an astrophysicist studying the origins of the universe, your Photoshop requirements might be substantially more specific than you’ll find here. (Yes, I do know at least two of those folks — and I’m sure they bought this book, too.) But for the overwhelming majority of the people who have access to Adobe Photoshop CS2, this book provides the background you need to work efficiently and competently with Photoshop.

As I wrote this book, I intentionally tried to strike a balance between the types of images with which you are most likely to work and those visually stimulating (yet far less common) images of unusual subjects from far away places. At no point in this book does flavor override foundation. When you need to see a practical example, that’s what I show you. I included a number of images from PhotoSpin.com, my favorite subscription stock art source. But, again, I worked to ensure that each piece of artwork illustrates a tech¬nique and does so in a meaningful, nondistracting way for you, the reader.

You’ll see that I used mostly my Apple computers in producing this book. That’s simply a matter of choice and convenience. Other than the buttons in the corners of the windows, the modifier keys, and a few choices in terminol¬ogy (such as pop-up menu versus drop-down menu), Photoshop works pretty much the same on a Mac as it does in Windows. (Okay, well, one other difference: I find color management on Apple computers to be much simpler and more reliable.) You’ll also see (if you look closely) that I shoot mostly with Canon cameras and use Epson printers. That doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t shoot with Nikon, Sony, or Fuji, or that you shouldn’t print with HP or Canon. If that’s what you have, if it’s the equipment with which you’re comfortable, if it fulfills your needs, stick with it!

One additional note: If you’re brand new to digital imaging and computers, this probably isn’t the best place to start. I do indeed make certain assump¬tions about your level of computer knowledge (and, to a lesser degree, your knowledge of digital imaging). But if you know your FileOOpen from your FileOClose and can find your lens cap with both hands, read Chapter 1, and you’ll have no problem with Photoshop CS2 For Dummies.

How This Book Is Organized

Photoshop CS2 For Dummies is primarily a reference book. As such, you can check the table of contents or the index for a specific subject, flip to those pages, and get the information you need. You can also start at the beginning and read cover to cover (just to make sure you don’t miss a single tip, tech¬nique, or joke). To give you an indication of the type of information in each chapter, I organized the book into parts. Here’s a quick look at what sort of content you’ll find in each part.

Part I: Breezing through Basic Training

The first set of chapters presents the basic operation of Photoshop, what you need to know to get around in the program, and the core process of getting images into Photoshop and back out again. If you’re new to digital imaging, and particularly unfamiliar with Photoshop, make sure to read Chapter 1 through Chapter 3. If you’ve worked with Photoshop or another image editing program and aren’t quite sure about the concept of resolution or which file formats are best for which purposes, don’t overlook Chapter 2. Chapter 4 is the meat and potatoes of Photoshop: scanning and downloading images from cameras, cropping to fit specific print and frame sizes, and printing or post¬ing your images on the Web. All in one nice, tidy package.

Part II: Easy Enhancements for Digital Images

In Chapters 5 through 9, you discover ideas and techniques for improving the appearance of your images. You read about tonality (the lightness and dark¬ness of the image), color correction (making the image’s color look natural), and making selections to isolate individual parts of your image for correction. Part II also includes a full chapter on the Raw file format for digital cameras — what it is, why it’s important, and how to determine whether it’s right for you. At the end of this part, I include a chapter on the most common problems in digital photos (red-eye, wrinkles, and unwanted objects and people). And, yes, that chapter includes what to do about those problems, too!

Part III: Creating “Art” in Photoshop

The chapters in Part III take a walk on the creative side. Although not every¬one wants to use Photoshop as a digital painting program, everyone should understand how to get around in the complex and daunting Brushes palette. Compositing images (making one picture from two or more), adding text (whether a simple copyright notice or an entire page), using paths, and adding layer styles are all valuable skills for just about all folks who work with Photoshop (even if they don’t consider their work to be art).

Part IV: Power Photoshop

The two chapters in Part IV are more specialized than the rest of the book. If you don’t work in a production environment (even cropping to the same dimensions regularly can count as production), you might not need to use Actions in Photoshop. But there’s far more to Chapter 16 than just Actions and scripting! It also shows you how you can create an onscreen presentation that anyone can view, automatically generate a single page with small thumb¬nail images of all your photos, and save paper by printing multiple images on a single sheet. Chapter 17 is a Web-only chapter. If you don’t create graphics for the Web, you probably don’t need to read it. However, if you skip it, you might never see how to create cool little animated movies.

Part V: The Part of Tens

The final part of this book, The Part of Tens, was both the easiest and most difficult section to prepare. It was easy because, well, the chapters are short. It was incredibly tough because it’s so hard to narrow any Photoshop-related list to just ten items. Photoshop is such a beautifully complex and deep pro¬gram that I had a very hard time (as you’ll read) restricting myself to just ten favorite tips and tricks, just ten bits of hardware and software to make your work in Photoshop easier, and just ten reasons to own a digital camera. But I did it (more or less — beware of hidden tips and tricks)!


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Photoshop Elements 4 Just the Steps

This book cuts all the fluff out of a computer book and takes you right to steps to produce an effect, task, or job. The book is not linear. However, in some cases you might need to move around a little to understand one concept before moving to another. Each series of steps is defined with headings to simplify your task of searching for a specific item and finding similar tasks related to a particular concept. Be certain to look back at the Table of Contents when you aren’t certain where to find one task or another.

Whenever you want to get something done with this book, simply fol¬low this method:

1. Pick the task. Glance over the Table of Contents to find a cate¬gory you want to explore — something like working with layers, which we cover in Chapter 8.

2. Find it fast. This is easy because the chapters are designed with coverage of similar items within each chapter. Look over the head¬ings listed in the Table of Contents to find a specific task within a given chapter.

3. Get it done. Mimic each step and look at the accompanying fig¬ures to help you thoroughly understand a given task.

Why You Need This Book

Adobe Photoshop Elements is a true bargain. Although you pay far less for Elements than its bigger sibling, Photoshop, you acquire a sophisti¬cated program with many complex tools and methods for producingresults. The user documentation and help guides don’t suffi¬ciently describe all that you can do with the program. What’s more, to find a specific solution, you might need to wade through a lot of text to describe a method you want to use in your workflow.
This book eliminates background descriptions and detailed text explanations and takes you directly to a series of steps to produce precisely what you want to do with a photo. It isn’t a sit down seven-course meal; it’s more like a fast food restau¬rant that satisfies your appetite for knowledge immediately.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is organized into five parts. The following sections introduce each one.

Part I: Acquiring and Organizing Images

The first thing you need to know about working in Photoshop Elements is how to get photos into your computer. This first section describes acquiring photos from a variety of sources including digital cameras, digital scanners, mobile phones, CD/DVD ROMs, and media storage devices. If you have a great number of photos you copy to your hard drive, you’ll want to find out all the organization opportunities provided by Photoshop Elements that we cover in this part.

Part II: Fixing Photos

Just about any photo you acquire from any source requires you to enhance the images for brightness controls, color bal¬ance, removal of dust and scratches, and other anomalies you might find. Look to this part to discover the best way to make image enhancements.Part III: Editing Techniques

Whether it be applying an effect, merging photos, adding some text to a photograph, or a host of other edits you want to apply to your photos, this part covers it all.

Part IV: Outputting Photos

You take a photo with a digital camera, scan a photo on your scanner, or acquire a photo from another source and make edits to the photo. When you finish editing an image, the next logical step is to show the image either on screen or in a print. This part covers preparing images for screen viewing in slide shows, on Web browsers, or with other screen viewers. This part also covers printing your files locally on your own desktop printer or prepping and sending them to a commer¬cial photo lab printer.
Part V: Working with Creations

Photoshop Elements 4 is really two programs in one package: The original photo editor that was simply Photoshop Elements prior to version 3 and the former Adobe Photoshop Album program. Photoshop Album is fully integrated in Photoshop Elements 4, where you find tools and commands to help you create cards, calendars, slide shows, TV videodiscs, and more. This section covers all the marvelous features for assembling a number of different creations.


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C# 2005

The C# programming language is a powerful, relatively new descendant of the earlier C, C++, and Java languages. Programming with it is a lot of fun, as you’re about to find out in this book.

Microsoft created C# as a major part of its .NET initiative. For what are proba­bly political reasons, Microsoft turned the specifications for the C# language over to the ECMA (pronounced ek-ma) international standards committee in the summer of 2000, long before .NET was a reality. In theory, any company can come up with its own version of C# written to run on any operating system, on any machine larger than a calculator.

When the first edition of this book came out, Microsoft’s C# compiler was the only game in town, and its Visual Studio .NET suite of tools offered the only way to program C# (other than at the Windows command line). Since then, however, Visual Studio has gone through two major revisions — Visual Studio 2003 and, very recently, Visual Studio 2005. And at least two other players have entered the C# game.

It’s now possible to write and compile C# programs on a variety of Unix-based machines using either the Mono or Portable .NET implementations of .NET and C#:

*. Mono (www.go-mono.com) is an open-source software project spon­sored by Novell Corporation. Version 1.1.8 came out in June 2005. While Mono lags Microsoft’s .NET, just now implementing the 1.1 version that Microsoft released a couple of years ago, it appears to be moving fast.


*. Portable .NET, under the banner of Southern Storm Software and DotGNU (www.dotgnu.org/pnet.html), is also open-source. Portable .NET is at version 0.7.0 as of this writing.

Both Mono and Portable .NET claim to run C# programs on Windows and a variety of Unix flavors, including Linux and Apple’s Macintosh operating system. At this writing, Portable .NET reaches the greater number of flavors, while Mono boasts a more complete .NET implementation. So choosing between them can be complicated, depending on your project, your platform, and your goals. (Books about programming for these platforms are becoming available already. Check www.amazon.com.)

Open-source software is written by collaborating groups of volunteer pro­grammers and is usually free to the world.Making C# and other .NET languages portable to other operating systems is far beyond the scope of this book. But you can expect that within a few years, the C# Windows programs you discover how to write in this book will run on all sorts of hardware under all sorts of operating systems — matching the claim of Sun Microsystems’ Java language to run on any machine. That’s undoubtedly a good thing, even for Microsoft. The road to that point is still under construction, so it’s no doubt riddled with potholes and obstacles to true universal portability for C#. But it’s no longer just Microsoft’s road.

For the moment, however, Microsoft’s Visual Studio has the most mature versions of C# and .NET and the most feature-filled toolset for programming with them. If all you need is C#, I’ve included a bonus chapter called “C# on the Cheap” on the CD that accompanies this book. That chapter tells you how you can write C# code virtually for free. (You’ll be missing lots of amenities, including the nice visual design tools that Visual Studio 2005 provides, but you can write Windows code without them, especially the kind of code in this book. Bonus Chapter 5 explains how.)

Note: Two authors wrote this book, but it seemed more economical to say “I” instead of “we,” so that’s what we (I?) do throughout.

What’s New in C# 2.0

While C# version 2.0 does have a number of small changes here and there, most of C# 2.0 is still virtually the same as the previous version. The big new additions that this book covers include the following:

*. Iterator blocks: An iterator is an object that lets you step through all the items in a collection of objects. That’s always been possible, but C# 2.0 makes it far simpler to implement. Bonus Chapter 3 on the CD helps you take advantage of the simplicity and flexibility of iterator blocks. Chapter 15 covers collections.

*. Generics: This is the big one! Generic features allow you to write highly general, more flexible code. It’s a powerhouse — a programmer’s dream. Chapter 15 shows you how to write far simpler and more type-safe code using generics.
Leaving aside a few of the more esoteric and advanced additions, we’ll men­tion a few smaller items here and there as appropriate. (Don’t worry if parts of this Introduction are Greek to you. You’ll get there.)

About This Book

The goal of this book is to explain C# to you, but to write actual programs you need a specific coding environment. We’re betting that most readers will be using Microsoft Visual Studio, although we do provide alternatives. In basing the book on Visual Studio, we’ve tried to keep the Visual Studio portions to a reasonable minimum. we could just tell you, “Run your program any way you want,” but instead we may say, “Execute your C# program from Visual Studio by pressing F5.” We want you to be able to focus on the C# language and not on the mechanics of getting simple things to work.

We realize that many, if not most, readers will want to use C# to write graphi­cal Windows applications. C# is a powerful tool for programming graphical Windows applications, but that’s only one area for using C#, and this book must focus on C# as a language. We touch briefly on graphical Windows pro­grams in Chapter 1, but you should get a good grasp of C# before seeking another source to understand Windows programming in full. We also realize that some power users will be using C# to build Web-ready, distributed appli­cations; however, publishing limitations require us to draw the line some­where. C# 2005 For Dummies does not tackle the challenges of distributed programming. The book does explain quite a bit of .NET, though, for the simple reason that much of C#’s power comes from the .NET Framework class libraries that it uses.

At a minimum, you need the Common Language Runtime (CLR) before yoi can even execute the programs generated by C#. Visual Studio 2005 copie: the CLR onto your machine for you as part of the installation procedure. Alternatively, you can download the entire .NET package, including the C# compiler and many other nice tools, from Microsoft’s Web site at http:// msdn.microsoft.com. Look for the .NET Software Development Toolkit (SDK). Bonus Chapter 5 on the CD explains how to get these items.

You can still create most of the programs in this book with Visual Studio 2003, if you need to. The exceptions are those that cover the new features available only with C# 2.0, primarily generics and iterator blocks. A less-costly C# Express 2005 version of Visual Studio 2005 is also available, and don’t overlook the cheap options covered in Bonus Chapter 5 on the CD.

What You Need to Use the BookHow to Use This Book

We’ve made this book as easy to use as possible. Figuring out a new language is hard enough. Why make it any more complicated than it needs to be? The book is divided into six parts. Part I introduces you to C# programming with Visual Studio. This part guides you step by step in the creation of two differ­ent types of programs. We strongly encourage you to start here and read these two chapters in order before branching out into the other parts of the book. Even if you’ve programmed before, the basic program framework created in Part I is reused throughout the book.

The chapters in Parts II through V stand alone. We have written these chapters so that you can open the book to any one of them and start reading. If you’re new to programming, however, you will have to read Part II before you can jump ahead. But when you return to refresh your memory on some particular topic, you should have no trouble flipping to a section without the need to restart 20 pages back. Of course, the Part of Tens finishes out the lineup, and there’s more on the CD that accompanies the book.
How This Book Is Organized

Here’s a brief rundown on what you’ll find in each part of the book.

Part I: Creating Your First C# Programs

This part shows you, step by step, how to write the smallest graphical Windows application possible using the Visual Studio 2005 interface. Part I also shows you how to create the basic nongraphical C# framework that’s used in the other parts of this book.

Part II: Basic C# Programming

At the most basic level, Shakespeare’s plays are just a series of words all strung together. By the same token, 90 percent of any C# program you ever write consists of creating variables, performing arithmetic operations, and controlling the execution path through a program. This part concentrates on these core operations.
Part III: Object-Based Programming

It’s one thing to declare variables here or there and to add them and subtract them. It’s quite another thing to write real programs for real people. Part III focuses on how to organize your data to make it easier to use in creating a program.
Part IV: Object-Oriented Programming

You can organize the parts of an airplane all you want, but until you make it do something, it’s nothing more than a collection of parts. It’s not until you fire up the engines and start the wings flapping that it’s going anywhere.

In like fashion, Part IV explains how to turn a collection of data into a real object — an object that has internal members, sure, but an object that can mimic the properties of a real-world item. This part presents the essence of object-oriented programming.
Part V: Beyond Basic Classes

After the airplane gets off the ground, it has to go somewhere. Figuring out classes and the fundamentals of object-oriented programming is only a start. Part V takes the next step, introducing structures, interfaces, and generics, your gateway to more advanced object-oriented concepts — and the wild blue yonder.

Part VI: The Part of Tens

C# is great at finding errors in your programs — at times, it seems a little too good at pointing out my shortcomings. However, believe it or not, C# is trying to do you a favor. Every problem it finds is another problem that you would otherwise have to find on your own.

Unfortunately, the error messages can be confusing. One chapter in this part presents the ten most common C# build error messages, what they mean, and how the heck to get rid of them. Many readers are coming to C# from another programming language. The second chapter in The Part of Tens describes the ten major differences between C# and its progenitor, C++.

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Absolute Beginner Guide to WiFi

Introduction



Absolute Beginner's Guide to Wi-Fi is a book for beginners who want to join the Wi-Fi revolution. Using easy-to-understand language, this book teaches you all you need to know about Wi-Fi, from choosing the Wi-Fi system that is right for you to adding a Wi-Fi card and related software to finding hotspots and access points. With the help of this book, you will be able to configure a home network and share internet connections quickly and easily. In addition, the book covers all important security issues so that a user is less exposed to threats, as well as the dos and don'ts of traveling with a Wi-Fi enabled laptop.

About the Author

Harold Davis is a strategic technology consultant, hands-on programmer, and the author of many well-known books. He has been a popular speaker at trade shows and conventions, giving presentations on topics ranging from digital photography through wireless networking and programming methodologies.

Harold has served as a technology consultant for many important businesses, including investment funds, technology companies, and Fortune 500 corporations. In recent years, he has been Vice President of Strategic Development at YellowGiant Corporation, Chief Technology Officer at an expert systems company, a Technical Director at Vignette Corporation, and a principal in the e-commerce practice at Informix Software.

Harold started programming when he was a child. He has worked in many languages and environments, and has been lead programmer and/or architect in projects for many corporations, including Chase Manhattan Bank, Nike, and Viacom.

He has earned a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from New York University and a J.D. from Rutgers Law School, where he was a member of the law review.

Harold lives with his wife, Phyllis Davis, who is also an author, and their two sons, Julian and Nicholas, in the hills of Berkeley, California. In his spare time, he enjoys hiking, gardening, and collecting antique machines including typewriters and calculation devices. He maintains a Wi-Fi access point and a mixed wired and wireless network for the Davis menagerie of computers running almost every imaginable operating system.


Introduction by the Author

If you are new to Wi-Fi—wireless networking—I'd like to be your guide to this wonderful technology. I am no industry flak or starry-eyed gadget freak (although I do appreciate technology that makes life easier for people, like Wi-Fi).

I want to be your guide to Wi-Fi, so it is fair for you to ask (and me to answer) some questions:

What are my qualifications?

What is my approach?

Who is this book for, and why an "Absolute Beginner's Guide?"

I'd like to start with my qualifications. I take qualifications in this context to be a pretty broad issue, meaning (in part) who am I?

I am a normal human being, whatever that means, who is interested in technology (among other things). I have a wife, two kids, another one on the way, and a house with a mortgage. Besides my interest in technology, I like to read, write, garden, take photographs, and hike.

I've been involved in technology as a professional for more than 20 years. (Because technology years actually compare with dog years, that probably is the equivalent of hundreds of experiential years!) I've seen technologies come on strong, grow up, mature, and burst like a star that has gone nova too soon. I like to think I know what is important, and what is not, and what technologies matter.

I've been involved with Wi-Fi since its infancy, and have lectured about Wi-Fi and taught people how to construct Wi-Fi networks. I maintain a Wi-Fi network in my home for the convenience of myself and my family. I've been a road warrior and a stay-at-home. I enjoy sharing my knowledge with people and helping them get up to speed as quickly as possible.

Well, enough about me! Perhaps you are completely new to Wi-Fi and want to quickly get up to speed so you can surf at local hotspots, or while you're on the road. This book will give you the practical information you need to buy the right equipment, get your equipment working perfectly, find Wi-Fi hotspots, and get the best deal with Wi-Fi providers.

Perhaps you already use Wi-Fi in your local coffee shop, at the airport, or in hotel lobbies, and you want to set up a small office or home network. You already know how great Wi-Fi is, so you want to enjoy the benefits where you live and work. It is truly transformational to one's lifestyle to decouple computing from the wires!

If you are looking to set up a Wi-Fi network, you've come to the right place. I'll show you the best way to buy the equipment you need at the best prices, and how to set it up easily. I won't gloss over potential pitfalls, and I will save you time and money. I'll also show you some of the considerations you might want to think about if you are building a more complex network involving Wi-Fi.

Many people are looking to find out how to use Wi-Fi on the road, or in networks at home. An Absolute Beginner's Guide provides the perfect format for easily learning what you need to know to get up to speed with Wi-Fi, without wasting a lot of time.


In this book you'll find inspiration as well as practical information. I believe that Wi-Fi is a modest technology that has the power to have a huge and positive impact. Some of the items I've included in this book speak to that transformational power. For example, you'll learn how villages in southeast Asia use Wi-Fi on the fly to connect to the world, and how Wi-Fi was used to bring wireless networking to Pitcairn Island, a romantic flyspeck in the South Pacific Ocean (remember Mutiny on the Bounty?). You'll also learn about war chalking, and find out how to locate free Wi-Fi hotspots.

This is wonderful material, and it's lots of fun! So what are you waiting for? It's time to Wi-Fi!



How This Book Is Organized
Absolute Beginner's Guide to Wi-Fi is organized into five main parts, as follows:

Part I, "Why Wi-Fi?" is a general introduction to the Wi-Fi technology and using Wi-Fi. This part explains why Wi-Fi is one of the fastest-growing technologies of all time and why it is important to all computer users.

Part II, "Setting Up Your Computer for Wi-Fi" explains how to buy a Wi-Fi–enabled computer, shows you how to set up your computers to work with Wi-Fi, and surveys some of the cool Wi-Fi gizmos and gadgets that are available.

Part III, "Going Mobile with Wi-Fi" shows you how to use your Wi-Fi laptop or PDA on the road, explains the best road warrior tools to bring, teaches you how to find the best places to connect, and gives you tips on making the best deal with Wi-Fi service providers.

Part IV, "Creating a Wi-Fi Network" explains everything you always wanted to know but were afraid to ask about successfully setting up and managing a wireless network in your home or small office.

Part V, "Securing Your Wi-Fi Computer and Network" explains how to safely and securely deploy Wi-Fi on the road and at home.

Besides the 19 chapters in five parts in this book, I've also provided several really useful appendixes:

Appendix A, "Wireless Standards" provides more details about the ins and outs of the 802.11 wireless standards.

Appendix B, "Finding Wi-Fi Hotspots" shows you how to find Wi-Fi hotspots, and provides specific information (which is hard to find in one place) about Wi-Fi locations such as airports, hotels, and retail stores. This appendix alone is worth the price of this book!

Because Wi-Fi rests at the intersections of a number of technologies—wireless broadcasting and computer networking, to name two—it is replete with jargon and technical terminology. To help you hack your way through this morass of incomprehensible techno-babble and acronym soup, I've also provided a complete glossary.

Taken together, the 19 chapters, two appendixes, and glossary in Absolute Beginner's Guide to Wi-Fi provide all the information you need to Wi-Fi successfully and happily!


Conventions Used in This Book

Although it is my hope that you can figure out everything in this book on your own without requiring an instruction manual, it makes sense to mention a couple of points about how information is presented in this book.

Web Addresses

There are tons of Web addresses in this book, mostly because these are places you can go for further information on a variety of related topics. Web addresses are denoted using a special font. For example:

www.wi-fiplanet.com

You should also note that in most cases I omitted the http:// with which Web addresses technically start (Web browsers insert it anyhow, so there is no need to type it).

Special Elements

This book also includes a few special elements that provide additional information not in the basic text. These elements are designed to supplement the text to make your learning faster, easier, and more efficient.

Tip

A tip is a piece of advice—a little trick, actually—that lets you use your computer more effectively or maneuver around problems or limitations.

Caution

A caution will tell you to beware of a potentially dangerous act or situation. In some cases, ignoring a caution could cause you problems—so pay attention to them!

A note is designed to provide information that is generally useful but not specifically necessary for what you're doing at the moment. Some are like extended tips—interesting, but not essential.

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Building Wireless Community Networks,

Community Networks is about getting people online using wireless network technology. The 802.11b standard (also known as WiFi) makes it possible to network towns, schools, neighborhoods, small business, and almost any kind of organization. All that's required is a willingness to cooperate and share resources. The first edition of this book helped thousands of people engage in community networking activities. This revised and expanded edition adds coverage on new network monitoring tools and techniques, regulations affecting wireless deployment, and IP network administration, including DNS and IP Tunneling.

New in This Edition

The most important addition to this book is the inclusion of Tim Pozar's excellent paper, "Regulations Affecting 802.11 Deployment." Tim is a microwave communications engineer and ham radio operator, and he has done terrific work in exploring the labyrinthine FCC Part 15 regulations. His paper helps us all to understand exactly what is required to operate wireless equipment legally in the United States.

I will also take a look at relevant technologies that have recently entered the wireless networking world, including 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.1x. While 802.11b is still widely regarded as the champion technology of the community wireless networking effort, these newer technologies are poised to bring interesting new capabilities to networking projects everywhere.
In addition, I discuss a number of fun new home-brew equipment and software designs that have come to light, and evaluate some new security tools (and challenges). In particular, the Host AP driver has graduated to near-production quality, and can provide a very flexible alternative to traditional APs. More on that later.

Organization

Early chapters of this book introduce basic wireless concepts and essential network services, while later chapters focus on specific aspects of building your own wireless network. Experienced users may prefer to skip around rather than read this book from cover to cover, so here's an overview of each chapter:

Chapter 1

gives a brief history of the state of wireless connectivity, and some ideas (and warnings) about how things might proceed.

Chapter 2

is an overview of many important logistical considerations you will face in designing your own network, and describes some tools that may make your job easier.

Chapter 3,

provides a detailed description of critical network components that you will need to provide your users. Network design and security considerations are also addressed.

Chapter 4,

details how to use Wireless Access Point hardware effectively in your networking project.

Chapter 5,

is a step-by-step guide to building your own Access Point using Linux, inexpensive PC hardware, and conventional wireless client cards.

Chapter 6,

is about extending your range. It looks at using topographic mapping software to evaluate long distance links, and examines the myriad antennas, cables, connectors you are likely to encounter. It also provides a simple method for calculating the usable range of your gear.

Chapter 7,

investigates some really exotic (and useful!) applications of 802.11b. It includes practical pointers for setting up point-to-point links, some simple repeaters, assembling a 2.4GHz antenna from ordinary household objects, and lots of other fun hackery. We'll also see an implementation of a dynamic "captive portal" firewall using open source (http://www.opensource.org) software.

Chapter 8,

is a resource guide to some of the major players in the wireless network access revolution. Here you'll find out how people all over the globe are making ubiquitous wireless network access a reality, all in their free time.

Chapter 9,

is the (brief) history of my own experiences in setting up a wireless community network in Sebastopol, CA (and in meeting directly with the heads of some of the biggest community efforts in the U.S.).

Appendix A contains Tim Pozar's paper, "Regulations Affecting 802.11 Deployment."
Appendix B provides a path loss calculation table.
Appendix Coffers a shell script that makes network scheme management easier.


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Windows XP Timesaving Techniques

Microsoft says that Windows XP contains 50,000,000 lines of program­ming code. 400,000,000 PCs run Windows. Half of them use Windows XP, and roughly half of them run Service Pack 2. Heaven only knows how many people have used Windows. Nobody — absolutely nobody — understands more than a tiny part of Windows XP. Yet everybody — everybody outside of an ashram, anyway — has to come to grips with it.

Not an easy task, eh?

Windows XP Timesaving Techniques For Dummies concentrates on high-payoff techniques that save you time. These techniques make Windows work faster, more reliably, and more like the way you work, day in and day out. Use these techniques to spend less time spluttering and futzing with your machine.

What’s in This Book

To save you time, I organized this book into techniques — groups of related tasks that make you or your computer (or possibly both!) more efficient and effective. Some techniques are short ’n’ sweet, tackle one specific topic, and get you in and out of the machine in record time. Other techniques are more involved and explore the pros and cons of vari­ous options.

Wherever an important ancillary topic, shorter tip, or loosely related timesaver may be of use, I include it. Watch for the icons. They can save you gobs of time. And don’t be surprised if you bump into a tip or two that urges you to change the way you work, as opposed to simply making changes to your computer.

This book is laid out in a unique, easy-to-read two-column format full of figures and other visual cues that make it easier for you to scan and jump into a technique at the point most appropriate for your cir­cumstances. Linear thinking is good. Nonlinear scan­ning is better. Lay the book flat so you can see exactly what you’re doing without flipping a bunch of pages (and tearing your hair out in the process).

You can read the book from front to back, or you can dive right into the technique of your choice. Either way works just fine. Anytime a concept is mentioned that isn’t covered in depth in that technique, you’ll find a cross-reference to another technique to find out more. If you’re looking for something specific, check out either the table of contents or the index.

The Cheat Sheet at the beginning of the book lists my choices as the most important timesaving tech­niques. Tear it out, tape it to your monitor, pass it around to other folks at the office, and be sure to tell ’em Woody shares their pain.

All Gaul may have been divided into three parts, but this book needs eleven (a particularly, uh, galling admission). Here’s what you’ll find.

Part I: No-Bull Installation and Setup

If you haven’t yet set up Windows XP, or if you’re still in the process of getting adjusted to Service Pack 2, this is the place to start. In addition to advice that gets you up and running in no time, I cover the rarely discussed aspects of product registration, retrieving your product key, and installing a legiti­mate copy of Windows over the top of a pirate copy — without losing all your settings or wiping out your hard drive.

Part II: Making Windows Lean and Clean

Fine-tune Windows so that it helps you work faster. Here you can decide which desktop settings really make a difference and which ones don’t. I also show you how to train Windows to respond to your needs. You find out how to transfer your old settings to a new PC, activate Passport without divulging your personal information, set up (or avoid) ClearType, “brand” your laptop computer to deter theft and identify you as its owner if it somehow gets lost, make your PC turn itself off when you shut down Windows, and how to switch users in the blink of an eye.
Part III: Convincing Windows to Work Your Way You discover how to launch your most frequently used programs quickly — both on the Windows taskbar and by using hot keys, including hot keys that you build yourself.

I also show you how to take good care of your data. Discover quick file management techniques, such as renaming a group of files en masse, finding files quickly and effectively (and getting rid of Rover the Search Companion in the bargain), printing a list of files in a folder with a click, and much more.

Part IV: Making the Most of Internet and E-Mail

Take back control of the World Wide Timesink. You can find out about configuring and customizing Internet Explorer (including zapping pop-up, pop-over, and pop-under ads for good), controlling cook­ies to reduce spam, taking control of Windows/MSN Messenger so everybody and their brothers don’t bother you when you’re online, and keeping Outlook Express running like a dream. I help you set up Trillian, so you can run instant messaging with any­one, anytime. I also show you how to make the most of Google. And if you’ve got kids, this is the part where I show you how to protect them online.

Part V: Optimizing Your Musical Entertainment

A surprising number of pitfalls await the unfortu­nate. Here’s how to avoid them. Get no-nonsense, person-to-person music gathering techniques; rec­ommendations for buying music; and inside tips on ripping and burning. Customize Windows Media Player 10 and manipulate playlists, create your own music CDs, transfer music to players and other PCs, and tune in to WMP radio. Yes, the free radio is still there, if you know where to find it.

Part VI: Having Fun and Saving Time with Visual Media

Video and pictures take time to handle, but they’re such fun. So here’s how to spend less time while hav­ing more fun. Take snapshots and record videos with a Webcam, edit your home movies, manage digital pictures, and decrease picture download times. Ever wonder how to retrieve pictures that you accidentally

deleted from your camera? The answer’s here. You can also find techniques for printing pictures and using your scanner effectively.

Part VII: Ensuring Peak Network Performance

These days, everyone’s networked, or so it seems. But how efficient is your network? Here you can find out how to get the most out of your peer-to-peer net­work, get home and small office network installation tips, find out the best way to share one Internet con­nection among several machines, and add (and con­figure) new network users.

If you’re looking for help installing a wireless net­work, look no further. I take you through the fastest way to set up your network — and, far more impor­tantly, secure it. I also tell you the whole story — the real story — behind Windows XP Simple File Sharing. It isn’t as simple (or as secure) as you think.

Part VIII: Fast Security Techniques

This part contains full behind-the-scenes coverage of the Windows Security Center, new in Service Pack 2. It gives you common-sense approaches to solving the rabidly hyped problem of computer security. Protect your PC from real viruses; conduct fast, easy, and safe online shopping transactions; and thwart intruders with a firewall. Best of all, I show you how to put an icon on your desktop that will “lock down” your system in a split-second. If you need to set up and monitor your security perimeter, look no further.

Part IX: Keeping Your PC Alive

An ounce of prevention is worth a ton of painful cures. Here you can discover how to run periodic maintenance automatically while you’re off lounging somewhere (or meeting some insane deadline). I show you how to decide how much maintenance is enough and how to determine when to run mainte­nance checks so that your workflow isn’t affected.And what about keeping Windows up to date? I show you why I don’t trust Microsoft to update my PCs automatically. Decide which updates are critical and which ones can wait, get Remote Assistance and other forms of help, and make backups without a problem.

Part X: Fast (Nearly Painless) Disaster Recovery

Has Windows gone to Hades in a handbasket? Again? Here are the tricks you need to try in down-to-earth language. Find out how to survive (and per­manently stop) the dreaded Blue Screen of Death. Find out how to get your PC to boot when it doesn’t want to, restore your system to its pre-calamitous condition, and recover lost passwords. It ain’t pretty, but sometimes you have to take the Windows bull by the horns.

Part XI: The Scary (Or Fun!) Stuff

Most of the techniques in the first ten parts are pretty straightforward. In Part XI, I take you deep into the belly of Windows XP. Find out how to make changes to the Registry without getting burned, and go through three of my favorite Registry tweaks that aren’t covered by Microsoft’s programs. I also show you how to use Program Compatibility Mode when you absolutely, positively have to get an old program to work.

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Wireless Networking: Preventing a Data Disaster

Introduction

Welcome to Caution! Wireless Networking: Preventing a Data Disaster. Wireless networking is quickly replacing Ethernet networks in many of our homes and offices. The pace of adoption of Wi-Fi technology has been remarkably quick, primarily because wireless networking equipment is easy to set up and use. In fact, in most cases it’s less complicated than setting up an Ethernet network.

Unfortunately, the downside to user-friendly Wi-Fi gear is that the majority of people setting up wireless networks in their homes or offices are not securing them correctly, if at all. Unlike Ethernet networks that require a user to be attached or plugged-into the network, Wi-Fi networks broadcast their signal in all directions, allowing anyone with a wireless adapter to access the network. If you haven’t taken the time to secure your Wi-Fi equipment, you may be sharing your files and Internet connection with your neighbors, or worse, hackers.

There are plenty of wireless books available that address basic wireless networking or the setup of specific products. In this book, I focus on the security and safety consequences of using these devices and try to explain these issues in a manner that’s helpful to new and intermediate wireless users.

I won’t discuss specific brands or provide step-by-step instruction for setting up your access point or router; my goal is to illuminate you about the risks associated with your new wireless equipment and provide some solutions for improving the security on your network. Using this book you’ll learn the following things:

How TCP/IP networks work

How Wi-Fi networks operate

Why wireless technology is insecure

How you are vulnerable

How you can protect your computer and networks

Once you have a basic understanding of the topics covered in this book, I hope you’ll be interested enough to learn more about them. Continued education is one of the most important things that you can do to maintain security of your computer and network.

Whom This Book is For

If you’re an average computer user — beginning or intermediate — and you’ve recently installed your own wireless network, then this book is for you. You don’t need to be a technical guru to benefit from the information I’ve presented inside this book. While a general knowledge of computing and familiarity with basic networking and Internet concepts is desirable, Part I provides an intro to networking that will have you up to speed in no time.

This book is for beginning or intermediate computer users who need a better understanding of the security issues surrounding wireless networks, and how to address them on their own network before they become a victim.

How This Book Is Organized

I’ve divided this book into two parts; each part includes chapters that address a common topic. If you’re relatively new to networking or only have a passing familiarity with TCP/IP and wireless security, I suggest you start in Part I and read the book in order. If you’re in a hurry or concerned that your network may be compromised, you can skip ahead and return to the earlier material later. Here’s how the parts are organized:

Part I: Understanding the Threat —

Part I introduces wireless technology and basic TCP/IP networking. It introduces the security and safety problems associated with wireless networks and with networking in general.

Part II: Protecting Yourself —

In Part II, I discuss the steps you can take to secure your network, protect your equipment from viruses, protect and recover your data, and maintain your privacy. If you’re concerned that your network is not secure, and you already have a grasp of the issues presented in Part I, you can start here.

Appendixes —

The appendixes provide useful resources relating to wireless networks. I’ve also included a glossary of many of the terms I’ve used in this book.

It’s my goal to acquaint you with wireless technology and the related security issues so that you’ll be encouraged to pursue more information and improve your computing knowledge. Wireless networks are here to stay, and I want you to get the most out of them without leaving yourself vulnerable.

Special features and icons

At the beginning of each chapter, you’ll find a short list of the broad topics covered therein. Throughout the text, you’ll encounter icons that I’ve used to bring different topics to your attention. Here’s what each of these icons indicates:

Note Note icons provide important related information about a subject.

On The Web The On the Web icon provides addresses to online resources about a topic.

Caution If I use the Caution icon, I’m warning you about something dangerous where you need to be particularly diligent. I don’t use this icon often, but if you see it please pay close attention to the information.

Cross-Reference The Cross-Reference icon directs you to related information elsewhere in the book.


I hope you find this book useful and informative and that it educates you about wireless networking and security and assists you in securing your wireless network.


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Windows XP All in one desk referance

Contents at a Glance



Book I: A Windows XP Overview

Chapter 1: Introducing Windows XP
Chapter 2: A Windows XP Orientation.
Chapter 3: Running Windows from Start to Finish
Chapter 4: Getting Help with Windows XP
Chapter 5: Searching Your Machine and Beyond
Chapter 6: Getting the Basic Stuff Done
Chapter 7: Maintaining Your System
Chapter 8: Focusing on Windows XP/Professional

Book II: Customizing Your Windows eXPerience

Chapter 1: Personalizing Your Desktop
Chapter 2: Organizing Your Windows XP Interface
Chapter 3: Lock Down: Spies, Spams, Scams, and Slams
Chapter 4: Security Center: Windows Firewall
Chapter 5: Security Center: Automatic Updates
Chapter 6: Security Center: Virus Protection

Book III: Windows XP and the Internet

Chapter 1: Expanding Your Reach through the Internet
Chapter 2: Connecting to the Internet
Chapter 3: Managing E-Mail and Newsgroups with Outlook Express
Chapter 4: Chatting with Windows Messenger
Book IV: Adventures with Internet Explorer

Chapter 1: Finding Your Way around the Internet Explorer Window .
Chapter 2: Advanced Browsing and Searching with Internet Explorer
Chapter 3: Making Internet Explorer Your Own
Book V: Connecting with Microsoft Network
Chapter 1: MSN: Who Needs Ya, Baby?
Chapter 2: MSN Explorer
Chapter 3: Taking MSN Explorer for a Spin
Chapter 4: Hotmail (a.k.a. MSN E-Mail)
Chapter 5: MSN Messenger

Book VI: Adding and Using Other Hardware

Chapter 1: Finding and Installing the Hardware You Want
Chapter 2: Working with Printers
Chapter 3: Getting the Scoop on Scanners

Book VII: Joining the Multimedia Mix

Chapter 1: Jammin’ with Windows Media Player
Chapter 2: Lights! Action! Windows Movie Maker
Chapter 3: Discovering Digital Cameras and Recorders

Book VIII: Windows Media Center

Chapter 1: Windows Media Center: Should You Buy One? .
Chapter 2: Setting Up a Media Center PC
Chapter 3: Running Windows Media Center

Book IX: Setting Up a Network with Windows XP

Chapter 1: Those Pesky Network Things You Have to Know
Chapter 2: Building Your Network
Chapter 3: Putting the Why in Wi-Fi
Chapter 4: Protecting Your Privacy

About This Book

Windows XP All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 2nd Edition, takes you through the Land of the Dummies — with introductory material and stuff your grandmother could (and should!) understand — and then continues the journey into more advanced areas, where you can really put Windows to work every day. I don’t dwell on technical mumbo-jumbo, and I keep the baf­fling jargon to a minimum. At the same time, though, I tackle the tough prob­lems you’re likely to encounter, show you the major road signs, and give you a lot of help where you’ll need it the most.extensions by default, but you can and should go in and change that. Yeah, I know that Bill G. hisself made the decision to hide them, and he won’t back off. (At least, that’s the rumor.)
I also know that hundreds — probably thousands — of Microsoft employees passed along the ILOVEYOU virus, primarily because they couldn’t see the filename extension that would’ve warned them that the file was a virus. Uh, bad decision, Bill.

(If you haven’t yet told Windows XP to show you filename extensions, take a minute now and hop to Book I, Chapter 3, and get Windows XP to dance to your tune.)
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